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Mohs Scale of Hardness
Mohs Scale of Hardness
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The Mohs Scale of Hardness is a measure of the hardness of minerals by how easily they are scratched. It is a useful, but not entirely accurate way to identify minerals.
The method of comparing hardness by observing which minerals can scratch others, dates back to 300 BC as mentioned in Theophrastus written work "On Stones". The method was later introduced by German mineralogist Fredrich Mohs in 1812.
| Scale | Resistence |
Examples |
| 0.2 | Butter, Potassium | |
| 0.5 | Candle wax, Lithium, Sodium | |
| 1 | Can be scratched easily with a fingernail | Talc, Sulphur |
| 1.5 | Ice, Tin, Lead | |
| 2 | Can be scratched with fingernail | Ivory, Amber, Bismuth, Calcium, Copper, Gypsum, Gold, Jet, Magnesium, Pearl, Silver |
| 3 | Can be scratched with coin | Chalk, Bronze, Calcite, Coral, Malachite, Pearl, Platinum |
| 4 | Can be scratched easily with a knife. Can not scratch glass | Fluorite, Iron, Rhodochrosite |
| 5 | Can be scratched with a knife. Can just scratch glass | Tooth Enamel, Glass, Apatite, Lapis Lazuli, Obsidian, Opal, Turquoise, |
| 6 | Can be scratched with a steel file. Easily scratches window/bottle glass | Jadeite, Moonstone, Orthoclase Feldspar, Peridot, Titanium, Pyrite, Rutile, Zircon |
| 7 | Easily scratches metal and glass | Porcelain, Amethyst, Aquamarine, Citrine, Emerald, Garnet, Quartz, Tourmaline |
| 8 | Scratches Quartz | Topaz |
| 9 | Scratches Topaz | Tungsten Carbide, Corundum, Ruby, Sapphire |
| 10 | Scratches Ruby | Diamond |
Reference: Wikipedia
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